Posts

Posted on

butterfly magic

YEP. How is this possible?

From Oregon Metro today, Zoo releases 850 endangered butterflies into wild

Precious excerpts:

Once common along the Oregon coast, the Oregon silverspot was reduced to four Oregon populations by the 1990s. The species was listed as threatened by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service in 1980 – one of two Oregon butterflies listed as threatened or endangered under the U.S. Endangered Species Act.

“They face a lot of obstacles,” Andersen said. “Development, motor vehicles, bad weather, pesticides, invasive species, natural predators like spiders.…”

In addition to releasing pupae, the Oregon Zoo raises and plants thousands of early blue violets, on which the Oregon silverspot depends, into butterfly habitat.

“When the caterpillars hatch, they’re tiny – just about the size of Abe Lincoln’s nose on a penny,” Andersen said. “But they will eat more than 300 nickel-sized violet leaves before they’re ready to pupate.”

Last summer, before the final batch of 2012 pupae were sent to their new beachfront homes, Oregon Zoo photographer Michael Durham captured what is believed to be the first time-lapse video of a silverspot caterpillar transforming into a chrysalis.

“What he captured was nothing short of magical,” Andersen said. “When a caterpillar pupates, all of its molecules literally liquefy, and it reformulates as a butterfly. Sometimes you need to have a meltdown in order to change your life.”

Posted on

animalcules

Start by replicating Antonie van Leeuwenhoek‘s famed microorganism (a rotifer) (replete with crowns).
Continue on a folk art expedition to make heroes out of our invisible microbial community members.
There is no reason to the system yet, whatsoever.
Don’t know where it’s going, but they are REALLY fun to draw:

Screen Shot 2013-08-14 at 7.40.59 PM

 

 

Posted on

plastic beaches, the polymer vortex

Astoria, OR

10 days ago I went to the OR coast – around Astoria, the mouth of the mighty Columbia River, with 15 Japanese continuing ed students to survey the beach plastics and look at and for tsunami debris. Oregon is twinned, connected to Japan through a strong east/west current. In addition, long-livin’ plastics suspended in the N Pacific Gyre, the trash vortex bigger than Texas and described as a 300 foot deep cloud of plastic bits, broken into ever-smaller bits by the sun’s UV, masquerading as plankton, and colorful confetti, gets dumped back out, into the currents, and lands on the coastal beaches.

We spent an hour cleaning – if you can call it that – I sat in one place for 45 minutes, overturning sticks and small logs to find an almost-solid layer of post-consumer plastic bits, nurdles (pre-consumer plastic resin pellets), oyster farm tubes, styrofoam nuggets, to mention a few, from the vast polymer taxonomy.


Marc Ward of Sea Turtles Forever, a committed beach plastic clean up leader and educator, with some of the PNCA crew

I can’t seem to draw myself away from plastic – what’s been coined The Plastisphere.

To date, though, how the Anthropocene has created new ecosystems in the oceans as well as on land has not been much examined.

Such ecosystems are, nevertheless, emerging—as Tracy Mincer of the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, in Massachusetts, and Linda Amaral-Zettler of the Marine Biological Laboratory, also in Woods Hole, describe in Environmental Science and Technology. The malign effect of floating plastic debris on seabirds, turtles and other sea creatures is well known. But, as Dr Mincer and Dr Amaral-Zettler have discovered, plastic debris also provides a new habitat for organisms small enough to take advantage of it.

The two researchers collected pieces of plastic from various sites in the North Atlantic. They then examined each using DNA analysis, and also an electron microscope, to see what was living on it. Lots of things were. Altogether, they discovered about 50 species of single-celled plant, animal and bacterial life. Each bit of debris was, in effect, a tiny ecosystem.

As with many ecosystems, the bottom of the food chain was occupied by things that photosynthesise. These included unicellular algae called diatoms and dinoflagellates, and photosynthetic bacteria known as cyanobacteria. Usually, such creatures swim freely in the ocean. They therefore have to work hard to stay near the surface, where light for photosynthesis is abundant. By hitching a ride on a piece of floating plastic, they can stay near the surface without effort.

– The Economist, July 20. 2013

I recently found a smitten-inducing blog post by artist Max Liboiron, on a blog called Discard Studies that she co-authors with Robin Nagle and Eric Friedman. I really love the trajectory of the entire post which concludes with:

Our bodies are the newest sink in a long lineage of industrial ecosystems, and can even be considered an extension of the Plastisphere.

What do waste ecosystems like the Plastisphere, The Rocky Mountain Arsenal National Park, and our own bodies mean for notions of pollution as they pertain to harm and health? How do they complicate truisms of clean up and restoration? How do they expand the notion of industrial ecosystems as intentional versus unintentional, contained versus planet-wide? Most importantly, how do we re-conceptualize pollution when purity is no longer empirically possible? These questions are becoming more pressing as our current definitions of pollution, founded more than a century ago, are being outmoded by manifestations of pollution in the twenty-first century.

– The Plastisphere and other 21st century waste ecosystems

Microplastic Ingestion by Zooplankton

Another post on the subject: Microbes make cozy homes in ocean’s Plastisphere

I also want this book Accumulation: The Material Politics of Plastic, but it’s Routledge, dammit, and they are notoriously, ridiculously expensive ($135!!!)

 

A timber from Japan in Falcon Cove. Lots of awkward cheering from the crew, as we located tsunami debris, connecting us across time and oceans.
Posted on

bibliography

(in progress, running list. Thanks to Peter Schoonmaker, Kimberlee Chambers, David Johns, Mike Houck, Nancy Nowacek, and Kathleen Sayce  for their suggestions)

BOOKS:

Montgomery, David R. Dirt: the erosion of civilizations. Univ of California Press, 2012.

Lewis, Wayne, and Jeff Lowenfels. Teaming with Microbes: The Organic Gardener’s Guide to the Soil Food Web. Timber Press, 2010.

Solomon, Steve, and Erica Reinheimer. The Intelligent Gardener: Growing Nutrient Dense Food. New Society Publishers, 2012.

Williams, Terry Tempest. Refuge: An unnatural history of family and place. Random House Digital, Inc., 1991. *

Pyle, Robert Michael. Wintergreen: Rambles in a Ravaged Land. Sasquatch Books, 1986. *

Egan, Timothy. The Good Rain: Across Time & Terrain in the Pacific Northwest. Random House Digital, Inc., 1991. *

Kesey, Ken. Sometimes a great notion. Penguin. com, 2006.

Jonathan Raymond, The Half-Life. Bloomsbury Publishing USA. 2008

Stegner, Wallace. Beyond the hundredth meridian: John Wesley Powell and the second opening of the West. Penguin. com, 1992.

Daily, Gretchen C., ed. Nature’s services: societal dependence on natural ecosystems. Island Press, 1997.

Marris, Emma. Rambunctious garden: saving nature in a post-wild world. Bloomsbury Publishing USA, 2011.

Lichatowich, Jim, and James A. Lichatowich. Salmon without rivers: a history of the Pacific salmon crisis. Island Press, 2001.

Florida, Richard. Cities and the creative class. Routledge, 2004.

Heise, Ursula K. Sense of place and sense of planet: The environmental imagination of the global. Oxford University Press, 2008.

Costa, Rebecca. The Watchman’s Rattle: Thinking Our Way Out of Extinction. Vanguard, 2010.

Lakoff, George, and Mark Johnson. Metaphors we live by. University of Chicago press, 2008.

Lerner, Rebecca. Dandelion Hunter: Foraging the Urban Wilderness. Globe Pequot, 2013.

Morton, Timothy. The ecological thought. Harvard University Press, 2010.

 

PUBLISHED PAPERS AND ARTICLES:

Garibaldi, Ann, and Nancy Turner. “Cultural keystone species: implications for ecological conservation and restoration.” Ecology and Society 9.3 (2004): 1. *

Nuñez, Martin A., and Daniel Simberloff. “Invasive species and the cultural keystone species concept.” Ecology and Society 10.1 (2005): r4. *

Bowen-Jones, Evan, and Abigail Entwistle. “Identifying appropriate flagship species: the importance of culture and local contexts.” Oryx 36.2 (2002): 189-195. *

Ragan M. Callaway and Wendy M. Ridenour 2004. “Novel weapons: invasive success and the evolution of increased competitive ability.” Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment 2: 436–443 *

Canfield, M, ed. “Introduction.” Field Notes on Science and Nature, 1-18. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 2011 *

Berg, Peter, and Raymond F. Dasmann. “Reinhabiting California.”Environmentalism: Critical Concepts 2 (2003): 231-236. *

Lowry, J. L. “In my town.” Orion: Nature/Culture/Place, Winter (1998): 33-44 *

Ceurstemont, Sandrine. “Inevitable insectivores? Not so fast.” New Scientist219.2924 (2013): 34-37.

van Leeuwen, Cornelis, et al. “Influence of climate, soil, and cultivar on terroir.” American Journal of Enology and Viticulture 55.3 (2004): 207-217. *

Doyle, Brian, “The Creature Beyond the Mountains.” Orion September/October(2011).  *

Soulé, Michael E., et al. “Ecological effectiveness: conservation goals for interactive species.” Conservation Biology 17.5 (2003): 1238-1250. *

Johns, David. “The War on Nature—Turning the Tide?.” Ignoring Nature No More: The Case for Compassionate Conservation (2013): 237.*

Johns, David. “With Friends Like These Wilderness and Biodiversity Do Not Need Enemies.”  Keeping the Wild: Against the Domestication of Earth (forthcoming)

Trewavas, Anthony. “Aspects of plant intelligence.” Annals of Botany 92.1 (2003): 1-20.

Regional Conservation Strategy: http://theintertwine.org/RegionalConservationStrategy *

Biodiversity Guide For The Greater Portland-Vancouver Region:http://theintertwine.org/BiodiversityGuide *

Houck, M. and J. Labbe. 2007. Ecological Landscapes: connecting neighborhood to city and city to region. Metropolitan Briefing Book, pgs. 37-48. http://www.pdx.edu/ims/2007-briefing-book *

Paul Kingsnorth. “Dark Ecology.” Orion January/February (2013) *

Wendell Berry. “Manifesto: The Mad Farmer Liberation Front” The Country of Marriage (1973) *