The Natural History Society of Northumbria

Seeing Thomas Bewick preparatory drawings in the flesh at the archive today, with archivist June Holmes. Yes, I don’t get out enough and don those WHITE GLOVES.

June Holmes,  Archivist
June Holmes, Archivist

It was a thrill. Bewick’s work is astonishing –  firstly, because of the level of detail at such a tiny scale, but also because he worked varying degrees of the detail into the drawings, which he transferred onto the blocks, and then did an enormous amount of the detail work on the block itself (in negative — did he see the world in reversed lines as well?). June Holmes said the animals he knew well just didn;t require that much preparation… roosters, dogs, local common birds, foxes…

Here is an engraving that never got published.It is one of his allegorical/anecdotal “tail-pieces” – the original is about 3″ wide, max:

Dogs Sniffing Dogs (courtesy The Natural History Society of Northumbria)
Dogs Sniffing Dogs (courtesy The Natural History Society of Northumbria)

The Bewick Society has a lot of vignettes online – these were used as filler at the bottom of pages, but are far more than tailpieces- Bewick called them his tale-pieces, and they are worlds of their own, highly detailed miniatures that construct a natural history of everyday life, often with a memento mori quality. I’d always thought of his use of inscribed text upon the rocks as a way to illuminate the fact that the landscape itself is a kind of text, but apparently, he thought the landscape could become a site of morality, and he fancied to make it carry the word of God, so to speak (I think I’ll continue to believe in the “natural” texts of distinguished,  dramatic landmarks, many of which have nicknames as  wayfinding markers – synesthetic mnemonics in which being, place, and folkloric inscription tangle up to make geography).

Image from Thomas Bewick's Memoir
Image from Thomas Bewick's Memoir
from Bewick's Book of British Birds
from Bewick's Book of British Birds

I am Starry eyed for taxidermists

… made explicitly poetic by two visits I had in the last week with taxidermy artists.

First was Emily Mayer, an amazing animal artist in Norwich. She lives + works in an old workhouse infirmary, and makes exquisite sculptures – some taxidermy, some found materials like scrap metal and plastic bits and downed wood (see the recent exhibit at Campden Gallery here). She’s also taxidermist to the (art) stars.

Emily Mayers beautiful clean exhibit space upstairs form the workshop
Emily Mayer's beautiful clean exhibit space upstairs from the workshop
Emily Mayer, my godchild Susan OFlynn, and Violet
Emily Mayer, my godchild Susan O'Flynn, and Violet

Second was my morning visit to the temporary workspace of Eric Morton, taxidermist for the Great North Museum (née Hancock Museum) here in Newcastle on Tyne. When I spoke to him on the phone he said he was in the process of moving his workspace and there wasn’t much around. Right. He’s genius. I asked him if he has animals festooning his home, and he said “no! that’s like bringing work home. I collect clocks.” I can only imagine.

Eric Morton at his workspace at Newcastle University
Eric Morton at his workspace at Newcastle University

Exhibit A
Exhibit A

Moving Day
Moving Day

It is no mean thing to be able to pet animals–  albeit dead ones —  like owls, foxes, and moles.

More photos here chez my flickr zone.

cyanobacteria is burning

A nasty sea weed,  Lyngbya majuscula is thriving from Tampa Bay to Sidney.

It’s not a weed – though it’s known as fireweed; it’s actually a “a benthic filamentous marine cyanobacterium” (National Research Centre for Environmental Toxicology) that grows on seagrass, and it does very well in low-oxygen environments, ripe for a bloom when there are not so many fish to stave its spread.

Its effects are toxic to humans- (itchy rashes, painful boils, and respiratory problems on exposure)

It is also known as Mermaids Hair.

When Lyngbya grows in sufficient mass it will detach from the substrate, seagrass beds and other areas where it typically grows and form floating ‘rafts’ which are then moved by prevailing winds and currents in the bay and eventually onto foreshores. (Redlands, Australia)

A raft of Lynbya Majuscula
A raft of Lyngbya majuscula

LA Times’ environmental reporting is very good, but very apocalyptic. I didn’t say “hyperbole.”
July 2006 LA Times “A Primeval Tide of Toxins”


Fairy Cattle

Wild Chillingham Cattle are known as “fairy cattle” for their small size and tufted red fur in their ears; they are genetically distinct from any other (including their relatives the White Park Cattle, who have black ear fur).

Fairy Cattle
Fairy Cattle (uncredited/undated on the Chillingham Castle web site) portrayed as a bloody pre-Raphaelite floral

Chillingham Cattle are Clones

chillingham_park_470x294

Nice overview of the cattle- history and genetics found at the BBC web site.
The cattle, who live in northern Northumberland, have been inbred for 700 years; in the 13th century the park around Chillingham Castle was enclosed to protect the cattle from the Border Reiver rustlers. These are wild cattle that have never been herded or driven, and have the status of wild animals. They are also genetically linked to the  prehistoric Aurochs, extinct for 2500 years. And because of their long inbreeding, Chillingham cattle are all clones:

In recent years DNA samples have been prepared from hair roots collected from dead animals and this work, at the Roslin Institute and Edinburgh University, has revealed that the Wild Cattle are a natural clone.

Not only are all the cattle genetically identical, each animal has also received identical genes from its sire as from its dam (the Y chromosome, which determines masculinity, is not possessed by female mammals, but again the likelihood is that all Y chromosomes in the Chillingham herd are identical).

“Nowhere in the world are there any mammals more inbred than these – yet they continue to survive and thrive.” – The Chillingham Wild Cattle Association

This is unique among animals, and arises from their very long history of inbreeding, together with occasional periods of very low numbers (genetic bottlenecks).

In spite of this genetic identity, it would be difficult to point out two animals that could be said to be identical.

This is because the visible characteristics of any animal (the phenotype) are partly determined by the environment and minor differences between individuals in patterns of development in the womb and afterwards can be expected.

Nowhere in the world are there any mammals more inbred than these – yet they continue to survive and thrive.

The Chillingham Bull. All engravings by Thomas Bewick
The Chillingham Bull. Both engravings by Thomas Bewick